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Core Publications - Papers

Superimposition

• Austin-Smith, D. and W. R. Maples (1994). "The reliability of skull/photograph superimposition in individual identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences 39(2): 446-455.
• Bastiaan, R. J., G. D. Dalitz, et al. (1986). "Video superimposition of skulls and photographic portraits - a new aid to identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences 31(4): 1373-1379.
• Brown, K. A. (1983). "Developments in cranio-facial superimposition for identification." The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Somatology 1(2): 57-64.
• Brown, K. A. (1993). "The Truro murders in retrospect: A historical review of the identification of the victims." Annals / Academy of Medicine, Singapore 22(1): 103-106.
• Chai, D.-S., Y.-W. Lan, et al. (1989). "A study on the standard for forensic anthropologic identification of skull-image superimposition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 34(6): 1343.
• Delino, V. P., M. Colonna, et al. (1986). "Computer-aided skull/face superimposition." The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 7(3): 201-212.
• Dorion, R. B. J. (1983). "Photographic superimposition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 28(3): 724-734.
• Fenton, T. W., A. N. Heard and N. J. Sauer (2008). "Skull-photo superimposition and border deaths: identification through exclusion and the failure to exclude." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53: 34-40.
• Ibañez, O., L. Ballerini, O. Cordón, S. Damas, J. Santamaría (2009). "An Experimental Study on the Applicability of Evolutionary Algorithms to Craniofacial Superimposition in Forensic Identification." Information Sciences 179: 3998-4028.
• Iten, P. X. (1987). "Identification of skulls by video superimposition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 32(1): 173-188.
• Janssens, P. A., C. Hansch, et al. (1978). "Identity determination by superimposition with anthropological cranium adjustment." OSSA 5: 109-122.
• Koelmeyer, T. D. (1982). "Videocamera superimposition and facial reconstruction  as an aid to identification." The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 3(1): 45-48.
• Lan, Y. (1992). "Development and current status of skull-image superimposition - methodology and instrumentation." Forensic Science Review 4(2): 126-136.
• Loh, F. C. and T. C. Chao (1989). "Skull and photographic superimposition: A new approach using a second party's interpupil distance to extrapolate the magnification factor." Journal of Forensic Sciences 34(3): 708-713.
• McKenna, J. J. I., N. G. Jablonski, et al. (1984). "A method of matching skulls with photographic portraits using landmarks and measurements of the dentition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(3): 787-797.
• McKenna, J. J. I. (1985). "Studies of the method of matching skulls with photographic portraits using landmarks and measurements of the dentition." The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Somatology 3(1): 1-6.
• McKenna, J. J. I. (1988). "A method of orientation of skull and camera for use in forensic photographic investigation." Journal of Forensic Sciences 33(3): 751-755.
• Pearson, K. and G. M. Morant (1934). "The Wilkinson head of Oliver Cromwell and its relationship tobusts, masks and painted portraits." Biometrika 26: 18-378.
• Prinsloo, I. (1953). "The identification of skeletal remains in Regina versus K and Another: the Howick Falls murder case." Journal of Forensic Medicine 1(1): 11-17.
• Sekharan, P. C. (1971). "A revised superimposition technique for identification of the individual from the skull and photograph." Journal fo Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 62(1): 107-113.
• Sekharan, P. C. (1973). "A scientifc method for positioning of the skull for photography in superimposition studies." Journal of Police Science and Administration 1(2): 232-240.
• Sen, N. K. (1962). "Identification by superimposed photographs." International Criminal Police Review 162: 284-286.
• Snow, C. C. (1976). A video technique for skull-face superimposition. 28th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Washington, D.C.
• Titlbach, Z. (1970). Beitrage zur Bewertung der Superprojektionsmethode zur identifizierung unbekannter Skelettfunde. Kriminalistik und forensische Wissenschaften. Berlin, German Publisher of Sciences. 1: 179-190.
• Ubelaker, D. H., E. Bubniak, et al. (1992). "Computer-assisted photographic superimposition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(3): 750-762.
• Webster, G. (1955). "Photography as an aid in identification: the Plumbago Pit case." Police Journal 28: 185-191.

 

Facial Approximation

• Anderson, K. J., M. Henneberg and R. M. Norris (2008). "Anatomy of the nasal profile." Journal of Anatomy 213: 210-216.
• Brues, A. M. (1958). "Identification of skeletal remains." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and Police Science 48: 551-556.
• Claes, P., et al. (2010). "Computerized craniofacial reconstruction: Conceptual framework and review." Forensic Science International. 201: 138-145.
• Claes, P., et al. (2010). "Bayesian estimation of optimal craniofacial reconstructions." Forensic Science International. 201: 146-152.
• De Greef, S. and G. Willems (2005). "Three-dimensional cranio-facial reconstruction in forensic identification: Latest progress and new tendencies in the 21st century." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50(1): 12-17.
• Eggeling, vH. (1913). "Die Leistungsfahigkeit physiognomischer Rekonbstruktionsversuche auf Grundlage des Schadels'." Archiv fur Anthropologie 12: 44-47.
• Gatliff, B. P. (1984). "Facial sculpture on the skull for identification." The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 5(4): 327-332.
• Haglund, W. D. and D. T. Reay (1991). "Use of facial approximation techniques in identification of Green River serial murder victims." The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12(2): 132-142.
• Hayes, S., R. Taylor, et al. (2005). "Forensic facial aproximation: An overview of current methods used at the Victorian Istitute of Forensic Medicine/Victoria Police Criminal Identification Squad." The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Somatology 23(2): 45-50.
• Hoffman, B. E., D. A. McConathy, et al. (1991). "Relationship between the piriform aperture and interalar nasal widths in adult males." Journal of Forensic Sciences 36(4): 1152-1161.
• Krogman, W. M. (1946). "The reconstruction of the living head from the skull." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 17(July): 11-17.
• Maat, G. J. R. (1998-1999). "Facial reconstruction: A review and comment." TALANTA 30-31: 247-253.
• Merkel, F. (1900). "Reconstruction der buste eines Bewohners des Leinegaues." Archiv fur Anthropologie 26: 449-457.
• Miyasaka, S., M. Yoshino, et al. (1995). "The computer-aided facial reconstruction system." Forensic Science International 74: 155-165.
• Neave, R. A. H. (1979). "Reconstruction of the heads of three ancient Egyptian mummies." Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine 2: 156-164.
• Nelson, L. A. and S. D. Michael (1998). "The application of volume deformation to three-dimensional facial reconstruction: A comparison with previous techniques." Forensic Science International 94: 167-181.
• Paysan, P., M. Lüthi, T. Albrecht, A. Lerch, B. Amberg, F. Santini, T. Vetter (2009) "Face reconstruction from skull shapes and physical attributes." Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Pattern Recognition 5748: 232-241.
• Prieels, F., S. Hirsch, P. Herling (2009) "Holographic topometry for a dense visualization of soft tissue for facial reconstruction." Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 5: 11-16.
• Phillips, V. M., S. Rosendorff, et al. (1996). "Identification of a suicide victim by facial reconstruction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 14(2): 34-38.
• Quatrehomme, G., T. Balaguer, et al. (2007). "Assessment of the accuracy of three-dimensional manual craniofacial reconstruction: a series of 25 controlled cases." International Journal of Legal Medicine 121: 469-475.
• Quatrehomme, G., S. Cotin, et al. (1997). "A fully three-dimensional method for facial reconstruction based on deformable models." Journal of Forensic Sciences 42(2): 649-652.
• Quatrehomme, G. and M. Y. Iscan (2000). Computerized facial reconstruction. Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. J. A. Siegel, P. J. Saukko and G. C. Knupfer. San Diego, Academic Press: 773-779.
• Rhine, J. S. (1990). "Coming to terms with facial reproduction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 35(4): 960-963.
• Rynn, C. and C. M. Wilkinson (2006). "Appraisal of traditional and recently proposed relationships between the hard and soft dimensions of the nose in profile." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130: 364-373.
• Rynn, C., C. M. Wilkinson, H. L. Peters (2009). "Prediction of nasal morphology from the skull." Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology 6: 20-34.
• Snow, C. C., B. P. Gatliff, et al. (1970). "Reconstruction of facial features from the skull: An evaluation of its usefulness in forensic anthropology." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 33(2): 221-228.
• Stadmuller, F. (1932). "Identitatsprufung bei corliegendem Erkennungsdienst-Photogramm des vielleicht als ehemaliger Trager in Frage kommenden Individuum." Dtsch Z Ges Gerichtl Med 20: 33-52.
• Starbuck, J. M. and R. E. Ward (2007). "The affect of tissue depth variation on craniofacial reconstructions." Forensic Science International 172: 130-136.
• Stephan, C. N. and M. Henneberg (2001). "Building faces from dry skulls: Are they recognized above chance rates?" Journal of Forensic Sciences 46(3): 432-440.
• Stephan, C. N. (2002). "Do resemblance ratings measure the accuracy of facial approximations." Journal of Forensic Sciences 47(2): 239-243.
• Stephan, C. N. (2002). "Facial Approximation: Falsification of globe projection guideline by exophthalmometry literature." Journal of Forensic Sciences 47(4): 1-6.
• Stephan, C. N. (2002). "Position of superciliare in relation to the lateral iris: Testing a suggested facial approximation guideline." Forensic Science International 130: 29-33.
• Stephan, C. N. (2003). "Anthropological facial "reconstruction" - Recognizing the fallacies, "unembracing" the error, and realizing method limits." Science and Justice 43(4): 193-199.
• Stephan, C. N. (2003). "Facial approximation: An evaluation of mouth width determination." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121(1): 48-57.
• Stephan, C. N. (2006). "Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: ramifications of German papers on Western method concepts." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51(4): 736-739.
• Stephan, C. N. (2009). "The accuracy of facial 'reconstruction': a review of the published data and their interpretive value." Minerva Medicolegale 129: 47-60.
• Stephan, CN. (2010). "The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: a review of published data pertinent to face prediction" Forensic Science International.201: 153-159.
• Stephan, C. N. and R. S. Arthur (2006). "Assessing facial approximation accuracy: how do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?" Forensic Science International 159S: S159-S163.
• Stephan, C. N. and J. Cicolini (2008). "Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: a comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53: 58-64.
• Stephan, CN., J. Cicolini (2010). "The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests" Forensic Science International. 201: 133-137.
• Stephan, C. N. and P. L. Davidson (2008). "The Placement of the Human Eyeball and Canthi in Craniofacial Identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53: 612-619.
• Stephan, C.N., and M. Devine (2009). "The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation." Forensic Sceince International 191: 70-79.
• Stephan, C. N. and M. Henneberg (2003). "Predicting mouth width from inter-canine width - A 75% rule." Journal of Forensic Sciences 48(4): 725-727.
• Stephan, C. N., M. Henneberg, et al. (2003). "Predicting nose projection and pronasale position in facial approximation: A test of published methods and proposal of new guidelines." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122: 240-250.
• Stephan, C. N. and M. Henneberg (2006). "Recognition by facial approximation: case specific examples and empirical tests." Forensic Science International 156: 182-191.
• Stephan, C. N., A. J. R. Huang and P. L. Davidson (2009). "Further evidence on the anatomical placement of the human eyeball for facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition." Journal of Forensic Sciences 54: 267-269.
• Stephan, C. N. and S. J. Murphy (2008). "Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls." Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology 27: 2-7.
• Stewart, T. D. (1983). "The points of attachment of the palpebral ligaments: Their use in facial reconstructions on the skull." Journal of Forensic Sciences 28(4): 858-863.
• Suk, V. (1935). "Fallacies of anthropological identifications." Publications de la Facultae des sciences de l'Universitae Masaryk 207: 3-18.
• Suzuki, T. (1973). "Reconstitution of a skull." International Criminal Police Review 264: 76-80.
• Tilotta, FM., et al. (2010). "A local technique based on vectorized surfaces for craniofacial reconstruction." Forensic Science International. 200: 50-59.
  
• Tilotta, F., R. Richard, J. Glaunés, M. Berar, S. Gey, S. Verdeille, Y. Rozenholc, J.F. Gaudy (2009). "Construction and analysis of a head CT-scan database for craniofacial reconstruction". Forensic Science International 191: 112.e1-112.e12.
• Turner, W. D., R. E. B. Brown, et al. (2005). "A novel method of automated skull registration for forensic facial approximation." Forensic Science International 154: 149-158.
• Tyrrell, J., M. P. Evison, et al. (1997). "Forensic three-dimensional facial reconstruction: Historical review and contemporary developments." Journal of Forensic Sciences 42(4): 653-661.
• Ubelaker, D. H. and G. O'Donnell (1992). "Computer-assisted facial reproduction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(1): 155-162.
• Ubelaker, D. H. (1993). "Facial reconstruction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37: 1442-1444.
• Ullrich, H. (1958). "Die methodischen Grundlagen des plastischen Rekonstruktionsverfahrens nach Gerasimov." Zeitschrift fur Morpholologie und Anthropologie 49(2): 245-258.
• Ullrich, H. (1966). "Kritische Bemerkungen zur plastischen Rekonstruktionsmethode nach Gerasimov auf Grund personlicher Erfahrugen." Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift 7: 111-123.
• Ullrich, H. (1967). Plastische Gesichtsrekonstructionen urgeschichtlicher Menschen nach der Methode von Gerasimov. Neue Museumskunde. Kothen, VEB Deutsche Verlag der Wisenschaften: 456-475.
• Vanezis, P., R. W. Blowes, et al. (1989). "Application of 3-D computer graphics for facial reconstruction and comparison with sculpting techniques." Forensic Science International 42(1): 69-84.
• Vanezis, M. and P. Vanezis (2000). "Cranio-facial reconstruction in forensic identification - Historical development and a review of current practice." Medicine, Science and the Law 40(3): 197-205.
• Vanezis, P., M. Vanezis, et al. (2000). "Facial reconstruction using 3-D computer graphics." Forensic Science International 108: 81-95.
• Verzé, L. (2009). "History of facial reconstruction". Acta Bio Medica 80: 5-12.
• Wilkinson, C. (2010). "Facial reconstruction - anatomical art or artistic anatomy?" Journal of Anatomy. 216: 235-250.
• Wilkinson, C. M. and S. A. Mautner (2003). "Measurement of eyeball protrusion and its application in facial reconstruction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 48(1): 12-16.
• Wilkinson, C. and R. Neave (2003). "The reconstruction of a face showing a healed wound." Journal of Archaeological Science 30(10): 1343-1348.
• Wilkinson, C. M., M. Motwani, et al. (2003). "The relationship between the soft tissues and the skeletal detail of the mouth." Journal of Forensic Sciences 48(4): 728-732.
• Wilkinson, C., C. Rynn, et al. (2006). "A blind accuracy assessment of computer-modeled forensic facial reconstruction using computed tomography data from live subjects." Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 2(3): 179-187.

 

Soft Tissue Depth

• Aulsebrook, W. A., P. J. Becker, et al. (1996). "Facial soft-tissue thickness in the adult male zulu." Forensic Science International 79: 83-102.
• Birkner, F. (1904). "Beitrage zur rassenanatomie der gesichtsweichteile." Corr Bl Anthrop Ges Jhg 34: 163-165.
• Burkitt, A. N. and G. H. S. Lightoller (1923). "Preliminary observations on the nose of the Australian aboriginal with a table of aboriginal head measurements." Journal of Anatomy 57(3): 295-312.
• Codinha, S. (2009). "Facial soft tissue thicknesses for the Portuguese adult population." Forensic Science International 185: 80.e1-80.e7.
• Czekanowski, J. (1907). "Untersuchungen uber das Verhaltnis der Kopfmafse zu den Schadelmafsen." Archiv fur Anthropologie 6: 42-89.
• De Greef, S., P. Claes, et al. (2006). "Large-scale in-vivo Caucasian soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction." Forensic Science International 159S: S126-S146.
• De Greef, S., D. Vandermeulen, et al. (2009). "The influence of sex, age and body mass index on facial soft tissue depths." Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 5: 60-65.
• Domaracki, M. and C. N. Stephan (2006). "Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51(1): 5-10.
• Dumont, E. R. (1986). "Mid-facial tissue depths of white children: An aid in facial feature reconstruction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 31(4): 1463-1469.
• Edelman, H. (1938). "Die profilanalyse: Eine studie an photographischen und rontgenographischen durchdringungsbildern." Zeitschrift fur Morpholologie und Anthropologie 37: 166-188.
• El-Mehallawi, I. H. and E. M. Soliman (2001). "Ultrasonic assessment of facial soft tissue thickness in adult Egyptians." Forensic Science International 117: 99-107.
• Formby, W. A., R. S. Nanda, et al. (1994). "Longitudinal changes in the adult facial profile." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 105: 464-476.
• Fourie, Z., et al. (2010). "Accuracy and reliability of facial soft tissue depth measurements using cone beam computer tomography." Forensic Science International.199: 9-14.
• Fischer (1905). "Anatomische Untersuchungen an den Kopfweichteilen zweier Papua." Corr.BL.Anthrop Ges Jhg 36: 118-122.
• Garlie, T. N. and S. R. Saunders (1999). "Midline facial tissue thicknesses of subadults from a longitudinal radiographic study." Journal of Forensic Sciences 44(1): 61-67.
• George, R. M. (1987). "The lateral craniographic method of facial reconstruction." Journal of Forensic Sciences 32(5): 1305-1330.
• Genecov, J. S., P. M. Sinclair, et al. (1990). "Development of the nose and soft tissue profile." The Angle Orthodontist 60(3): 191-198.
• Helwin, H. (1969). "Die profilanalyse, eine Moglichkeit der identifizierung unbekannter Schadel." Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch 113: 467-499.
• Hillesund, E., D. Fjeld, et al. (1978). "Reliability of soft-tissue profile in cephalometrics." American Journal of Orthodontics 74(5): 537-550.
• His, W. (1895). "Anatomische Forschungen uber Johann Sebastian Bach's Gebeine und Antlitz nebst Bemerkungen uber dessen Bilder." Abh MathPhysikal KI Kgl Sachs Ges Wiss 22: 379-420.
• Kasai, K. (1998). "Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profile." American Journal of Dentofacial Orthopedics 113: 674-684.
• Kollmann, J. and W. Buchly (1898). "Die Persistenz der Rassen und die Reconstruction der Physiognomie prahistorischer Schadel." Archives fur Anthropologie 25: 329-359.
• Lebedinskaya, G. V. and E. V. Veselovskaya (1986). "Ultrasonic measurements of the thickness of soft facial tissue among the Bashkirs." Annales Academiae Scientiarium Fennicae Ser.A. 5 Medica 175: 91-95.
• Ligthelm-Bakker, A. S. W. M. R., B. Prahl-Andersen, et al. (1991). "A new method for locating anterior skeletal landmarks from soft tissue measurements." Journal de Biologie Buccale 19: 283-290.
• Manhein, M. H., G. A. Listi, et al. (2000). "In vivo facial tissue depth measurements for children and adults." Journal of Forensic Sciences 45(1): 48-60.
• Michelow, B. J. and B. Guyuron (1995). "The chin: skeletal and soft-tissue components." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 95(3): 473-478.
• Montagu, M. F. A. (1947). "A study of man embracing error." Technology Review 49: 345-347.
• Miyasaka, S. (1999). "Progress in facial reconstruction technology." Forensic Science Review 11(1): 50-90.
• Nanda, R. S., H. Meng, et al. (1990). "Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile." The Angle Orthodontist 60(3): 177-190.
• Niinimaki, S. and A. Karttunen (2006). Finnish facial tissue thickness study. Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference, University of Oulu, Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy.
• Ogawa, H. (1960). "Anatomical study on the Japanese head by X-ray cephalometry." The Journal of the Tokyo Dental College Society [Shika Gakuho] 60: 17-34.
• Phillips, V. M. and N. A. Smuts (1996). "Facial reconstruction: Utilization of computerized tomography to measure facial tissue thickness in a mixed racial population." Forensic Science International 83(1): 51-59.
• Rhine, J. S. and H. R. Campbell (1980). "Thickness of facial tissues in American blacks." Journal of Forensic Sciences 25(4): 847-858.
• Rhine, J. S. and C. E. Moore (1984). "Tables of facial tissue thickness of American Caucasoids in forensic anthropology." Maxwell Museum Technical Series 1.
• Sahni, D., I. Jit, et al. (2002). "Preliminary study on facial soft tissue thickness by magnetic resonance imaging in Northwest Indians." Forensic Science Communications 4(1).
• Sahni, D., Sanjeev, D. Singh, I. Jit and P. Singh (2008). "Facial soft tissue thickness in northwest Indian adults." Forensic Science International 176: 137-146.
• Sarnas, K.-V. and B. Solow (1980). "Early adult changes in the skeletal and soft-tissue profile." European Journal of Orthodontics 2: 1-12.
• Simpson, E. and M. Henneberg (2002). "Variation in soft-tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118: 121-133.
• Smith, S. L. and P. H. Buschang (2001). "Midsagittal facial tissue thickness of children and adolescents from the Montreal growth study." Journal of Forensic Sciences 46(6): 1294-1302.
• Smith, S. L. and G. S. Throckmorton (2006). "Comparability of radiographic and 3D-ultrasound measurements of facial midline tissue depths." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51(2): 244-247.
• Stadtmuller, F. (1922). "Zur Beurteilung der plastischen Rekonstruktionsmethode der Physiognomie auf dem Schadel." Zeitschrift fur Morpholologie und Anthropologie 22: 337-372.
• Stephan, C. N., R. M. Norris, et al. (2005). "Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?" Journal of Forensic Sciences 50(3): 513-518.
• Stephan, C. N. and E. K. Simpson (2008). "Facial soft tissue depths in craniofacial identification (part I): an analytical review of the published adult data." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53: 1257-1272.
• Stephan, C. N. and E. K. Simpson (2008). "Facial soft tissue depths in craniofacial identification (part II): an analytical review of the published sub-adult data." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53: 1273-1279.
• Suazo, G. I. C., L. M. Cantin, M. D. A. Zavando, R. F. J. Perez and M. S. R. Rorres (2008). "Comparisons in soft-tissue thicknesses on the human face in fresh and embalmed corpses using needle puncture method." International Journal of Morphology 26: 165-169.
• Sutton, P. R. N. (1969). "Bizygomatic diameter: The thickness of the soft tissues over the zygions." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30: 303-310.
• Suzuki, H. (1948). "On the thickness of the soft parts of the Japanese face." J Anthropol Soc Nippon 60: 7-11.
• Tedeschi-Oliveira, S. V., Melani, R. F. H., Haddad de Almeida, N., Saavedra de Paiva, L. A. (2009). "Facial soft tissue thickness of Braziallian adults". Forensic Science International 193: 127.e1-127.e7.
• Utsuno, H., T. Kageyama, et al. (2005). "Facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese female children." Forensic Science International 152: 101-107.
• Utsuno, H., T. Kageyama, T. Deguchi, Y. Umemura, M. Yoshino, et al. (2007). "Facial soft tissue thickness in skeletal type I Japanese children." Forensic Science International 172: 137-143.
  
• Utsuno, H., et al. (2010). "Pilot study of facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese females". Forensic Science International. 195: 165.e1-165.e5.
  
• Utsuno, H., et al. (2010). "Facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese children" Forensic Science International. 199: 109.e1-109.e6.
• Vander Pluym, J., W. W. Shan, Z. Taher, C. Beaulieu, C. Plewes, et al. (2007). "Use of magnetic resonance imaging to measure facial soft tissue depth." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44: 52-57.
• Von Eggeling, H. (1909). Anatomische untersuchungen an den Kopfen con cier Hereros, einem Herero- und einem Hottentottenkind. Forschungsreise im westrichen und zentraien Sudafrika. Schultze. Jena, Denkschriften: 323-348.
• Welcker, H. (1896). "Das Profil des menschlichen Schadels mit RontgenStrahlen am Lebenden dargestellt." Korrespondenz-Blatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie Ethnologie und Urgeschichte 27: 38-39.
• Wilkinson, C. M. (2002). "In vivo facial tissue depth measurements for White British children." Journal of Forensic Sciences 47(3): 459-465.
• Williamson, M. A., S. P. Nawrocki, et al. (2002). "Variation in midfacial tissue thickness of African-American children." Journal of Forensic Sciences 47(1): 25-31.